摘要

全球经济波动与国内经济结构调整给劳动力市场尤其是大学生就业带来严峻挑战,以创业促进就业成为缓解大学生群体就业压力的重要举措之一.机会成本理论揭示创业是一项伴随着经济成本、时间成本、职业成本、心理成本等多种决策代价且成本高昂的活动.当前创业教育中存在一定程度的成功主义导向、理念定位偏差、专创融合度差、创业实践"应试化"等问题,这可能会让欠缺阅历的大学生忽略创业决策的机会成本,而在风险意识不足的情况下,非理性创业容易导致创业失败等负面结果.为解决这些问题,今后的创业风险教育需侧重:端正创业动机,树立理性创业观念;明确理念定位,减少"被动型"创业;强化专创融合,建立长期比较优势;加强风险管理专业化教育,提高学生风险控制能力.; Global economic volatility and domestic economic restructuring have posed severe challenges to the labor market,particularly to college graduates' employment.Promoting employment through entrepreneurship has thus become one of the important measures to alleviate the employment pressure faced by college graduates.The theory of opportunity cost reveals that entrepreneurship is a high-cost activity accompanied by various decision-making costs,including economic costs,time costs,career costs,and psychological costs.Currently,entrepreneurship education is plagued by several issues to a certain extent:a suc-cess-oriented tendency,misalignment in conceptual positioning,insufficient integration of professional education and entrepre-neurship education,and the"exam-oriented"nature of entrepreneurship practice.These problems may cause college graduates,who lack practical experience,to overlook the opportunity costs of entrepreneurial decisions.Furthermore,under the circumstanc-es of insufficient risk awareness,irrational entrepreneurship is likely to lead to negative outcomes such as entrepreneurial failure.To address these issues,future entrepreneurship risk education should focus on the following aspects:rectifying entrepreneurial motives and fostering a rational view of entrepreneurship;clarifying conceptual positioning and reducing"passive"entrepreneur-ship;strengthening the integration of professionalism and entrepreneurship to establish long-term comparative advantages;and enhancing specialized education on risk management to improve students' risk control capabilities.

关键词